![]() 200 crore and it has grown without any regulations. The energy drinks market in India is worth Rs. It is unclear whether the authority is planning to take its manufacturer to task for defying the law but one thing is clear-the FSSAI is planning to create a new category of beverages to accommodate energy drinks and allow them to use more caffeine in their products. ![]() The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), established under the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, refused to comment on the status of Red Bull under the law, saying the case is sub judice. The company challenged the ruling before another bench of the high court and obtained a stay order. In February 2010, the Madras High Court declared Red Bull did not conform to PFA rules (see ‘ Red Bull seizures’,). This meant the caffeine content in Red Bull had to be cut to 145 ppm. ![]() But an amendment to the rules framed under the act-rule 37-A(2)-in 2009 stipulated that all rules and standards prescribed under the act would be applicable to proprietary food as well. According to PFA Act of 1954, energy drinks have no prescribed standards and are labelled as proprietary food. ![]() Red Bull is promoted as an energy drink because of its composition and the fact that it acts as an energy booster. Red Bull makers contested the laboratory findings, arguing energy drinks are not carbonated drinks and don’t need to adhere to caffeine limits prescribed for soft drinks. The Prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA) Act prescribes a cap of 200 ppm for carbonated beverages it was reduced to 145 ppm in 2008. Sample analysis of Red Bull by the Central Food Laboratory in Mysore in 2005 revealed it had 329 parts per million (ppm) or 329mg/litre caffeine content. Red Bull, first created in Thailand in 1962, is sold in over 160 countries. The company wants energy drinks to be treated as proprietary food product for which standards are yet to be evolved in India. Red Bull has been pulled up on a couple of occasions for exceeding the prescribed caffeine limit in recent years.īut the beverage manufacturer, Red Bull India Pvt Ltd, managed to evade prosecution by moving court and claiming its product should not be treated as a carbonated drink like Coca Cola or Pepsi. doi:10.3389/ energy drink that promises to give you wings is soaring high despite attempts by authorities to ground it. The safety of ingested caffeine: a comprehensive review. Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. How much coffee can I drink while I'm pregnant?.Ĭenter for the Science of Public Interest. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111432Īmerican College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Maternal caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review with implications for advice to mothers and mothers-to-be. doi:10.3390/genes10121021Īmerican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. The impact of genetic variations in ADORA2A in the association between caffeine consumption and sleep. A genetic variation in the adenosine A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A) contributes to individual sensitivity to caffeine effects on sleep. Rekey JV, Adam M, Khatami R, Luhmann UFO, Jung HH, Berger W, Landolt HP. The effect of coffee on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs: a review. Caffeine in the diet.īelayneh A, Molla F. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Effects of common CYP1A2 genotypes and other key factors on intraindividual variation in the caffeine metabolic ratio: an exploratory analysis. Caffeine use disorder: a comprehensive review and research agenda. Meredith SE, Juliano LM, Hughes JR, Griffiths RR. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Fifth Edition. Caffeine.Īmerican Psychiatric Association. Caffeine improves reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep. Kamimori GH, Mclellan TM, Tate CM, Voss DM, Niro P, Lieberman HR. Chronic caffeine consumption increases the number of brain adenosine receptors. doi.10.1503/cmaj.160124īoulenger JP, Patel J, Post RM, Parma AM, Marangos PJ. Diagnosis and management of food allergy. No thanks, coffee keeps me awake: Individual caffeine sensitivity depends on ADORA2A genotype. Sequence variants at CYP1A1–CYP1A2 and AHR associate with coffee consumption. Spilling the beans: how much caffeine is too much?. Habitual coffee drinkers display a distinct pattern of brain functional connectivity. Magalhães R, Picó-Pérez M, Esteves M, et al. Caffeine and alcohol intakes and overall nutrient adequacy are associated with longitudinal cognitive performance among U.S.
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